Extends the Pharaonic era in Egypt's history to about three thousand years from 3200 BC until the entry of Alexander the Great, Egypt in 323 BC.
Egypt has witnessed during the Pharaonic era many stages of the Renaissance and the progress which left a tremendous legacy of the manifestations and effects of civilization, architecture, science and the arts.
Historians divide the Pharaonic era in Egypt's history into three consecutive sections are:
- The old state.
- Central State.
- The modern state.
Historians also divides this era to thirty dynasty divided on these three stages of the history of Egypt.
Archaic period (two couples 1, 2):
Return of the king "Mina" credited with achieving political unity of Egypt about the year 3200 BC. M, and was able to establish the first dynasty in the history of Pharaonic Egypt, and may Mina wanted to believe in the unity of the country sued the city near the top of the Delta, later named "Memphis," and this unit was an important factor in the rise of Egypt in various aspects of life
Old state (families of 3 to 6):
Aattabrasr this country's youth Egypt has been characterized by stability, security and peace, which facilitated the progress economically, culturally and artistically, and has held the banner of the rule of the kings of the old state of the builders of the pyramids about 2800 BC. After that the throne of the country moved to Memphis at the hands of the pharaoh Zoser His oldest known pyramid is a pyramid at Saqqara, Egypt civilization flourished in the days of this country, not least because of the huge pyramids of King Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure.
The first average age (dynastic period from 7 to 10):
This era began around the year 2200 BC. While hiked the reins of government from the hand of Pharaoh even managed "Mentuhotep II" unite the country again.
Central State (dynastic 11, 12):
After that enables "Mentuhotep II" Prince of Thebes about the year 2065 BC. M of the reunification of the country has established a strong government succeeded in consolidating the system and security استتاب which helped the country's economic recovery and provide arts and architecture, and then began the year 2000 BC. The rule of a great man is the first Amenemhat His greatest credit Renaissance building that appeared days of the Middle Kingdom.
The winning kings and queens of the Twelfth Dynasty fame in the fields of politics, war, culture, civilization and religion, such as "Ahmose" liberation hero, "Amenhotep I," the just passed a law to prevent forced labor and standard-setting fair wages and incentives, and "Thutmose I" warrior who expanded the Egyptian border north and south, and the dissemination of education and expansion in open mines and mining industry, and "Tuthmosis II" and "Thutmose III" Emperor His military genius inimitable and the first light great in the history of the world, and "Thutmose IV," the diplomat, who was the first to care note and registration of international treaties, and "Amenhotep III" the richest king in the ancient world and the opening of schools "houses of life" for the dissemination of education and fine arts and applied, and "Akhenaten" First Unitarian and the first king in the history of humanity Club oneness of God the Creator of everything, and "Tutankhamun" who won fame in the contemporary world, the most famous queens of this family, for example, the Queen "Ahhotep" wife of King "Seqenenre", Queen "Ahmose Nefertari" wife Ahmose I, and Queen "T" girl of the people and wife Amenhotep III and mother of Akhenaten, and Queen "Nefertiti" wife " Akhenaten "and Great Queen" Hatshepsut "that ruled Egypt for about twenty years and reached Egypt in outdated highest peak in civilization, architecture and international trade where Mission sent marine commercial and scientific to the country," Pont "also constructed one of the greatest architectural monuments and most magnificence and His Excellency the Temple" Bahari "on the western shore of the Nile in the face of Luxor, a temple is unique in its design and has no parallel between the temples of the ancient world as a whole, also saw this era also" revolution Akhenaten religious "where he called for the worship of one God and the symbol of his sun disk and established a new capital of the country and called it" Akhetaten
The average age second (dynastic period from 13 to 17):
During the Twelfth Dynasty around the year 1725 BC. M the pastoral tribes who lived in Palestine and dubbed "Hyksos" raided Egypt and the invasion of its territory, and when he took power Hyksos in weakness, Hb princes good struggling to recover freedom of their country stolen and may God wrote them success and enables Ahmose of seizure capital in the Delta and expulsion from the country.
Modern State (dynastic period from 18 to 20):
After the expulsion of Ahmose Hyksos returned to his country in 1571 BC. M, where he spent the revolutions Nubians south and onto the internal reform in the country and is interested in establishment of the army factor regulator and armed with all weapons known at that time and gave him wheel war, and is Ramses II of the most famous king of this state and is considered wars last effort made by the kings of the modern state in order to maintain Unity has ended before him with the king of the Hittites sign a non-aggression treaty between the two sides after the Battle of Kadesh, this treaty is the first peace treaty in history, Egypt became a major force, and thus became a great empire sprawling.
Late Period (the families of 21 to 30):
This was the closing chapter in the era Pharaonic history where Egypt suffered since the ruling family of 21 and even family to occupy all 28 of the Assyrians in 670 BC., Then the Persians even ended the rule of the Pharaohs with the family of 30 and entry of Alexander the Great, Egypt